SCHOLARLY ARTICLES

Andrea Charise’s article “‘The Tyranny of Age’: Godwin’s St. Leon and the Nineteenth-Century Longevity Narrative was significant for my argument in explaining how one of Godwin’s issues was his aim to revolutionize the longevity narrative. Without Charise, I would not have known about that aim of Godwin’s.

David Colling article “The Romance of the Impossible: William Godwin in the Empty Place of Reason” was important because he explained how St. Leon was Godwin’s critique on the Enlightenment. As this is another one of Godwin’s aims that alienate a modern audience, the article proofed helpful in explaining what Godwin was doing that a modern audience likely would not have recognized.

Lesley-Anne Gallacha’s article “(Fullmetal) Alchemy: the Monstrosity of Reading Words and Pictures in Shonen Manga” was invaluable in her assertion that manga pictures and dialogue worked in conjunction, creating a work that written words could not replace or replicate. It helped me to illustrate the advantage the anime has over St. Leon.

Ian Ward’s article “A Man of Feelings: William Godwin’s Romantic Embrace” was important to include because he brought that the novel St. Leon did not sell well in Godwin’s time. As that was a fact uncommon to find in scholarly articles that I read, I knew that I had to bring that up as another contrasting factor for Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood and St. Leon.

Rowland Weston’s article “Radical Enlightenment and Antimodernism: The Apostasy of William Godwin (1756-1836)” was chosen because he explained how Godwin was trying to mend his less-than-stellar reputation and emphasize the importance of familial love. Like Charise, I would not have known about this aim of Godwin’s without this article.

REVIEWS/WEBSITE

Dominick Grace’s review was useful because he is part of the modern audience that did not care for St. Leon, particularly in its language. As he is a English professor and writer, I thought his opinion would have a bit of weight because he studies and teaches literature yet had a lukewarm opinion of St. Leon.

Bill Kerwin’s review was much like Dominick Grace’s review, but a bit warmer. As he too is an English professor and writer, I thought having his similar yet nicer review worked well in conjunction with Grace’s review and the others.

Robert Rich’s review had to be included because it was the only positive review that I could find as a member of the modern audience. His review showed that at least some of the modern audience could get behind St. Leon.

Sarah Robbins’ review was a particularly interesting source to use because she is studying literature and, like Dominick Grace, did not care for the novel. I thought her review was a good representation of the modern audience’s response to St. Leon.

The “Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood” page on the MyAnimeList website had to be used because it is a common site for anime fans to rate anime. Since I was interested in the popularity of the anime in comparison to St. Leon, I knew that having a source that a collective group voted on Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood would be a good way of providing support for the anime’s popularity.

IMAGES/VIDEO

Each was used to illustrate a point. The images from Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood were to show that the clothes, technology, and cars were similar to that of the early twentieth century. The memes were to get some humor and to simplify my points so that a casual reader would understand.

The YouTube video in Difference of Medium page was used to demonstrate my point about the anime’s advantage of the visual medium.